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T-square fractal

World's simplest fractal tool
This utility lets you draw custom and colorful t-square fractals. We have implemented three fractal types – the Regular T-square, Vertex T-square, and Diamond T-square. The difference between them is the number, location, and shape of new squares that get placed in further recursion levels (which can be set in the options). You can also customize the dimensions of the fractal, namely set its height, width, and padding. There are three colors you can change when painting a t-square – the background color, line color around the squares, and the square fill color. Fun fact – the t-square fractal has a boundary of infinite length bounding a finite area. Created by fractal fans from team Browserling. Fractabulous!
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T-square's Type
Squares overlap the vertices of the previous square.
Squares touch but don't overlap the vertices of the previous square.
Squares have a diamond shape, they touch two vertices of the previous square but don't overlap them.
Depth, Size and Scale Factor
T-squares recursive depth.
Width.
Height.
Reduce the size of new squares by this scale factor.
Scale factor must be greater than or equal to the golden ratio value (φ = 1.618…).
Colors, Line and Orientation
Background color for the fractal.
Fill color for the squares.
Border color for the squares.
Border width.
Padding.
T-squares orientation.

What is a t-square fractal?

learn more about this tool
This online browser-based tool illustrates t-square fractals. The t-square fractal is a closed finite two-dimensional fractal with an infinite length boundary. The fractal's name comes from the technical drawing instrument used for drawing horizontal lines on a drafting table. A t-square consists of a set of different size squares. Depending on their placement, size, and orientation, there are multiple types of t-squares. We currently support three types of fractal. The first type that we support is the classic textbook t-square version (we call it the Regular T-square). This classic t-square is iterated from a square by adding more squares centered at each vertex of all previous iteration's squares. The second type is the vertex t-square, which has the new squares placed around the vertices of all previous squares so that they touch at a single point. The third type is the diamond t-square that is a variation of the vertex t-square type but here new squares are rotated so they look like diamonds and they appear at two opposite vertices of the previous diamond. For all these types, you can customize the ratio (scale factor) of square side lengths between the current and next recursion. The scale factor must be greater than or equal to the golden ratio value (1.6180339…). At the nth iteration step, greater than 2nd, there are 4*3⁽ⁿ⁻²⁾ new squares added to the fractal (for diamond t-square it's 2⁽ⁿ⁻¹⁾) and in total, there are 2×3⁽ⁿ⁻¹⁾ - 1 squares (for diamond t-square it's 2ⁿ - 1). Mind blowing and ingenious at the same time, or as we love to say – fractabulous!

T-square fractal examples

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Classic Tsquare Fractal
In this example, we draw the original tsquare fractal after 6 iterations. At this stage, this fractal consists of 6 sets of overlapping squares of different sizes. The first set is a single unit-length square, the second set is four half-unit-length squares, the third is twelve quarter-unit-length squares, etc. We paint this fractal in three colors – white for the background, black for square edges, and Persian-blue for square fill.
In this example, we draw the original tsquare fractal after 6 iterations. At this stage, this fractal consists of 6 sets of overlapping squares of different sizes. The first set is a single unit-length square, the second set is four half-unit-length squares, the third is twelve quarter-unit-length squares, etc. We paint this fractal in three colors – white for the background, black for square edges, and Persian-blue for square fill.
Required options
These options will be used automatically if you select this example.
Squares overlap the vertices of the previous square.
T-squares recursive depth.
Width.
Height.
Reduce the size of new squares by this scale factor.
Background color for the fractal.
Fill color for the squares.
Border color for the squares.
Border width.
Padding.
Vertex Tsquare Fractal
This example generates a 7th order vertex tsquare fractal. It consist of 1 + 4 + 4*3 + 4*9 + 4*27 + 4*81 + 4*243 = 1457 squares, in order from the largest to the smallest size. This matches the formula 2×3⁽ⁿ⁻¹⁾ - 1. It uses an 800 by 800 pixels canvas with 20-pixel padding and draws it with two bright colors.
This example generates a 7th order vertex tsquare fractal. It consist of 1 + 4 + 4*3 + 4*9 + 4*27 + 4*81 + 4*243 = 1457 squares, in order from the largest to the smallest size. This matches the formula 2×3⁽ⁿ⁻¹⁾ - 1. It uses an 800 by 800 pixels canvas with 20-pixel padding and draws it with two bright colors.
Required options
These options will be used automatically if you select this example.
Squares touch but don't overlap the vertices of the previous square.
T-squares recursive depth.
Width.
Height.
Reduce the size of new squares by this scale factor.
Background color for the fractal.
Fill color for the squares.
Border color for the squares.
Border width.
Padding.
Golden Mean Tsquare
In this example, we illustrate a vertex tsquare fractal with the scale factor equal to the golden ratio φ. In this case, the squares grow so densely together that they fill the entire fractal space with the size of 1000x1000px. We draw the squares without the border and fill them with an orange peel color.
In this example, we illustrate a vertex tsquare fractal with the scale factor equal to the golden ratio φ. In this case, the squares grow so densely together that they fill the entire fractal space with the size of 1000x1000px. We draw the squares without the border and fill them with an orange peel color.
Required options
These options will be used automatically if you select this example.
Squares touch but don't overlap the vertices of the previous square.
T-squares recursive depth.
Width.
Height.
Reduce the size of new squares by this scale factor.
Background color for the fractal.
Fill color for the squares.
Border color for the squares.
Border width.
Padding.
Diamond Tsquare Fractal
In this example, we draw a diamond tsquare fractal on a rectangular canvas with a size of 1000 by 600 pixels. We perform 9 recursions that create 2⁹ - 1 = 512 - 1 = 511 diamonds. The ratio of diamond edge lengths between two recursion levels is equals to the golden mean value phi. We also set the horizontal direction for the diamond expansion, 3-pixel line width, and 12-pixel padding around all diamonds.
In this example, we draw a diamond tsquare fractal on a rectangular canvas with a size of 1000 by 600 pixels. We perform 9 recursions that create 2⁹ - 1 = 512 - 1 = 511 diamonds. The ratio of diamond edge lengths between two recursion levels is equals to the golden mean value phi. We also set the horizontal direction for the diamond expansion, 3-pixel line width, and 12-pixel padding around all diamonds.
Required options
These options will be used automatically if you select this example.
Squares have a diamond shape, they touch two vertices of the previous square but don't overlap them.
T-squares recursive depth.
Width.
Height.
Reduce the size of new squares by this scale factor.
Background color for the fractal.
Fill color for the squares.
Border color for the squares.
Border width.
Padding.
T-squares orientation.
Regular Scaled Tsquare Fractal
This example sets the scale factor to 2.5 and generates a regular tsquare fractal type. Unlike the classic fractal (where the scale factor is 2), the square sizes decrease significantly faster with each step, quickly diverging from each other. We generate 5 levels of squares, using a lavender color for canvas, ripe-plum color for the border and laser-lemon color for squares fill. The area of a square at 5th level is 1525x smaller than the center square, the perimeter is 156x smaller, and one side is 39x shorter.
This example sets the scale factor to 2.5 and generates a regular tsquare fractal type. Unlike the classic fractal (where the scale factor is 2), the square sizes decrease significantly faster with each step, quickly diverging from each other. We generate 5 levels of squares, using a lavender color for canvas, ripe-plum color for the border and laser-lemon color for squares fill. The area of a square at 5th level is 1525x smaller than the center square, the perimeter is 156x smaller, and one side is 39x shorter.
Required options
These options will be used automatically if you select this example.
Squares overlap the vertices of the previous square.
T-squares recursive depth.
Width.
Height.
Reduce the size of new squares by this scale factor.
Background color for the fractal.
Fill color for the squares.
Border color for the squares.
Border width.
Padding.
Pro tips Master online fractal tools
You can pass options to this tool using their codes as query arguments and it will automatically compute output. To get the code of an option, just hover over its icon. Here's how to type it in your browser's address bar. Click to try!
https://onlinefractaltools.com/draw-t-square-fractal?&width=600&height=600&iterations=6&background-color=white&fill-color=%231b3ad4&line-segment-color=black&line-width=1&padding=10®ular-t-square=true&scale-factor=2
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